雅思写作分为学术类(IELTS Academic)和培训类(IELTS General Training),两类考试的两篇作文类型有所不同,具体如下:
学术类
Task 1:图表描述类作文。要求考生对给定的图表、数据等信息进行客观描述和分析,常见的图表类型有:
柱状图:通过不同高度或长度的柱子来展示数据的大小或数量的对比,考生需描述柱子所代表的数据变化趋势、差异等。
折线图:以折线的上升或下降来显示数据随时间或其他变量的变化趋势,要重点描述折线的走势、转折点以及不同折线之间的关系。
饼图:将一个圆形划分为不同的扇形,用于展示各部分在整体中所占的比例关系,考生需阐述各部分的占比情况及相互之间的差异。
流程图:用箭头和图形展示事物的发展过程、工作流程或自然现象的变化步骤等,考生需要准确描述每个步骤的内容和顺序。
地图题:给出一张或多张地图,可能涉及某个地区的地理变迁、城市规划变化等,考生要描述地图中地点的位置、变化情况等。
Task 2:议论文。题目会给出一个观点、现象或问题,要求考生进行讨论和分析,提出自己的看法和观点,常见的类型有:
观点讨论类:题目中会呈现两种或多种不同的观点,如 “Some people think that technology has made our lives more convenient, while others think it has brought more problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”,考生需要分别论述不同观点的合理性,并表明自己的立场。
利弊分析类:要求考生对某个事物或现象的优点和缺点进行分析,如 “Nowadays, many people choose to work from home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?”,考生要详细阐述其利弊,并可适当给出自己的结论或建议。
问题解决类:提出一个社会问题或现象,如 “With the development of modern society, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. What are the causes of this problem and what measures can be taken to solve it?”,考生需要分析问题产生的原因,并提出相应的解决措施。
同意与否类:题目给出一个观点,如 “Some people believe that the best way to improve public health is to increase the number of sports facilities. Do you agree or disagree?”,考生需要表明自己是否同意该观点,并给出充分的理由和论据。
培训类
Task 1:书信类作文。根据题目要求撰写不同类型的书信,常见的有:
投诉信:用于向有关部门或个人表达对某个产品、服务等的不满和抱怨,如 “Write a letter to the manager of a restaurant to complain about the poor service you received there.”,需说明投诉的原因、具体问题,并提出期望的解决方案。
感谢信:对他人的帮助、支持或给予的某种好处表示感谢,如 “Write a letter to your friend to thank him/her for helping you when you were in trouble.”,要表达出感激之情,说明感谢的具体事情和自己的感受。
建议信:针对某个问题或情况提出自己的建议和想法,如 “Write a letter to the local government to give some suggestions on how to improve the public transportation in your area.”,需指出问题所在,并给出合理可行的建议。
申请信:用于申请某种事物,如工作、学校、奖学金等,如 “Write a letter to apply for a job in a company. Introduce your qualifications, work experience and reasons for applying.”,要介绍自己的相关情况和申请的原因、目的等。
邀请信:邀请他人参加某个活动,如聚会、婚礼、会议等,如 “Write a letter to invite your colleague to your birthday party. Tell him/her the time, place and other details of the party.”,需说明活动的时间、地点、内容等信息,表达出诚挚的邀请之意。
Task 2:议论文。与学术类类似,但话题更偏向于日常生活和工作相关的内容,如:
生活方式类:探讨关于人们生活习惯、消费观念等方面的话题,如 “Some people prefer to live in a big city, while others prefer to live in a small town. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”。
工作就业类:涉及工作选择、职业发展、工作压力等问题,如 “Nowadays, many young people change their jobs frequently. What are the reasons for this? What suggestions can you give to help them stay in one job for a longer time?”。
教育学习类:围绕教育方式、学习方法、学校教育等展开,如 “Some people think that children should learn to compete from a young age, while others think that they should be taught to cooperate. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”。